Electric machine (commonly known as "motor")refers to the basislaw of electromagnetic inductionAn electromagnetic device that enables the conversion or transmission of electrical energy. It is indicated by the letter M in the circuit. Its main function is to generate driving torque, as a power source for electrical appliances or various machinery. The generator is represented in the circuit by the letter G. Its main function is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

The motor consists essentially of an electromagnet winding or distributed stator winding for producing a magnetic field and a rotating armature or rotor and other accessories. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding, it has a current in the armature squirrel cage aluminum frame and is rotated by the action of the magnetic field.

 
Stator (stationary part)

Stator core: a part of the motor magnetic circuit on which the stator winding is placed;

Stator winding: It is the circuit part of the motor, which is connected with three-phase alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field;

Machine base: fix the stator core and front and rear end covers to support the rotor, and play the role of protection and heat dissipation;

Rotor (rotating part)

Rotor core: as part of the motor magnetic circuit and the rotor winding placed in the core slot;

Rotor winding: cutting the stator rotating magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force and current, and forming electromagnetic torque to make the motor rotate;

DC motor

A DC motor is a rotating electrical machine that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motor) or converts mechanical energy into DC electrical energy (DC generator). It is a motor that can convert DC electrical energy and mechanical energy to each other. When it is running as a motor, it is a DC motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy; when it is running as a generator, it is a DC generator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Stepper motor

Stepper motor is the electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement of open-loop control element stepper motor parts. In the case of non-overload, the motor speed, stop position depends only on the frequency of the pulse signal and the number of pulses, without the impact of load changes, when the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor according to the set direction of rotation of a fixed angle. The angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning; at the same time, the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, so as to achieve the purpose of speed regulation.

Stepper motor working principle

When current flows through the stator windings, the stator windings generate a vector magnetic field. The magnetic field will drive the rotor to rotate by an angle, so that the direction of a pair of magnetic fields of the rotor is consistent with the direction of the magnetic field of the stator. When the vector magnetic field of the stator rotates by an angle. The rotor also rotates through an angle with the magnetic field. Every time an electrical pulse is input, the motor rotates one angle and advances one step. Its output angular displacement is proportional to the number of input pulses, and the speed is proportional to the pulse frequency. Change the order in which the windings are energized, and the motor will reverse. Therefore, the number of pulses, frequency and the energization sequence of each phase winding of the motor can be controlled to control the rotation of the stepper motor.

unidirectional asynchronous motor

Asynchronous motor, also known as induction motor, is an AC motor that generates electromagnetic torque by the interaction of the air gap rotating magnetic field and the induced current of the rotor winding, thereby realizing the conversion of electromechanical energy into mechanical energy.

The working principle of single-phase asynchronous motor

In an AC motor, when the stator winding passes AC current, the armature magnetomotive force is established, which has a great influence on the energy conversion and operating performance of the motor. Therefore, the single-phase AC winding is connected to the single-phase AC to generate a pulsating magnetomotive force. The magnetomotive force can be decomposed into two rotating magnetomotive forces with equal amplitude and opposite rotation speed, thus establishing a positive transmission and reverse magnetic field in the air gap. The two rotating magnetic fields cut the rotor conductor and generate an induced electromotive force and an induced current in the rotor conductor, respectively.

The current interacts with the magnetic field to produce positive and negative electromagnetic torques. Forward electromagnetic torque attempts to turn the rotor forward; reverse electromagnetic torque attempts to reverse the rotor. These two torques are superimposed to drive the motor to rotate.

permanent magnet motor

A permanent magnet motor is an electric motor that uses permanent magnets to provide a magnetic field. Motor work requires two conditions, one is the existence of a magnetic field, and the other is the existence of a moving current in the magnetic field.