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Working principle of various types of compressors
Classification: Principles of Engineering
Classification: Technical Data
Time：2017-09-27 08:41
The construction principle of the hermetic compressor: a hermetic compressor, with: a motor part, a mechanical part driven by the motor part, and a sealed container containing the motor part and the mechanical part. The mechanical part includes: a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder, a valve plate arranged on the end surface of the cylinder and having a suction hole, and a suction channel with one end directly connected with the suction hole and the other end arranged in the space in the sealed container, the motor is driven by a variable frequency mechanism that operates at two or more signal frequencies. The present invention can provide a hermetic compressor with low noise and high refrigerating capacity. the construction principle of sliding vane compressor:
construction principle of hermetic compressor:
A hermetic compressor has: a motor part, a mechanical part driven by the motor part, and a sealed container for accommodating the motor part and the mechanical part. The mechanical part includes: a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder, a valve plate provided on the end surface of the cylinder and having a suction hole, and a suction passage having one end directly connected to the suction hole and the other end arranged in the space in the sealed container, the motor is driven by a variable frequency mechanism that operates at two or more signal frequencies. The present invention can provide a hermetic compressor with low noise and high refrigerating capacity.
the construction principle of sliding vane compressor:
The sliding vane compressor uses a simple sliding vane centrifugal motion principle and is mainly composed of a cylinder, a rotor and a cylinder head. When the rotor rotates at a high speed, the sliding vane is eccentrically arranged in the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force. There are several radial grooves, and the grooves are equipped with sliding plates that slide freely along the radial direction. The inner wall of the cylinder and the outer surface of the rotor form a crescent-shaped space. When the rotor rotates, the sliding vane is thrown out of the groove by the centrifugal force, and is close to the inner wall of the cylinder, forming a periodically changing base volume together with the cylinder and the rotor, and the compressed gas is discharged without pulse.
piston compressor working principle:
When the crankshaft rotates, the piston reciprocates through the transmission of the connecting rod, and the working volume formed by the inner wall of the cylinder, the cylinder head and the top surface of the piston changes periodically. When the piston starts to move from the cylinder head, the working volume in the cylinder gradually increases. At this time, the gas enters the cylinder along the intake pipe, pushes the intake valve open, and closes the intake valve until the working volume becomes the maximum.; When the piston moves in the opposite direction, the working volume in the cylinder decreases and the gas pressure rises. When the pressure in the cylinder reaches and is slightly higher than the exhaust pressure, the exhaust valve opens and the gas exits the cylinder, until the piston moves to the limit position, the exhaust valve is closed. When the piston moves in the reverse direction again, the above process is repeated. In short, the crankshaft rotates once, the piston reciprocates once, and the process of air intake, compression, and exhaust is successively realized in the cylinder, which completes a working cycle.
The working principle of air conditioning compressor:
When the rotor shaft 2 of the compressor is rotated by the main shaft of the engine, the blades 3 slide along the grooves in the shaft due to centrifugal force and oil pressure. Because the cylinder 1 is elliptical, when the shaft of the compressor rotates, the crescent cavity composed of the cylinder 1, the rotor shaft 2, and the blades 3 will continue to expand, shrink, expand, and shrink cyclically. Realize the suction, compression and exhaust functions of the compressor. The rotary vane compressor has a compact structure, and its volume and weight are only the 1/2 of the swash plate compressor of the same specification. It has small torque change, good starting performance, material saving and energy saving, and high reliability; the refrigerating fluid adopts cleaner R134a
Air Compressor
Structural principle of screw compressor:
The working cycle can be divided into three processes: suction, compression and exhaust. As the rotor rotates, each pair of intermeshing teeth successively completes the same duty cycle.
Suction process Compression and injection process Exhaust process
1) Inhalation process: When the rotor rotates, the tooth groove space of the main and auxiliary rotors is the largest when it is turned to the opening of the intake end wall. At this time, the tooth groove space of the rotor communicates with the free air of the air inlet, and the outside air It is sucked into the closed cavity composed of the male and female rotors and the shell. When the air fills the entire tooth groove, the intake end surface of the rotor turns away from the air inlet of the casing, and the air between the tooth grooves is closed.
2) Compression process: With the rotation of the rotor, the volume between the teeth is continuously reduced due to the meshing of the rotor teeth. The volume occupied by the gas enclosed in the volume between the teeth is also reduced, resulting in an increase in pressure, thereby realizing the compression process of the gas. The compression process may continue until just before the interdental volume communicates with the exhaust port.
3) Exhaust process: When the closed volume between the teeth is connected to the exhaust port, the compressed gas begins to be discharged. As the volume between the teeth decreases, the compressed gas is completely discharged.
Construction principle of gas compressor
Compressors can be divided into low pressure compressors according to different exhaust pressures-exhaust pressure is less than 1.0MPa; Medium pressure compressor-exhaust pressure 1.0-10MPa; High pressure compressor-exhaust pressure 10-100MPa; Ultra-high pressure compressor-exhaust pressure is greater than 100MPa, etc. The low-pressure compressor is single-stage, medium-pressure, high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure compressors are multi-stage, and the maximum number of machines can reach 8. At present, foreign countries have made ultra-high-pressure compressors for polyethylene with a pressure of 343MPa. According to the different compression medium, the general compressor can also be called: air compressor, oxygen compressor, nitrogen compressor, hydrogen compressor and so on.
Among the hydrocarbon gases, the main components of petroleum cracking gas and petroleum waste gas are hydrogen, methane, butane, ethylene, propylene, etc.; the main components of coke oven gas and city gas are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, etc.; the main component of natural gas is methane. The hydrocarbon gas can be prepared and pressure-fed as a single component gas or as a mixed component gas. In the gas compressor, the composition and properties of the compressed medium will be closely related to the lubrication method and the selection of lubricating materials.
Construction principle of lubrication compressor
ZW(3~10m3) series oil-free lubrication compressor is a vertical double-cylinder water-cooled piston type, no oil lubrication in the working cylinder, single-acting or double-acting two-stage compression compressor. Composed of compressor host, intercooler, intermediate separator, after-cooler, after-separator, gas storage tank and control system, directly driven by motor. This series of compressors are widely used in chemical industry, petroleum, medicine, food, textile, environmental protection, power station, electronic components and instrument manufacturing, scientific research and other departments to transport pure gas or as equipment for automatic control of gas source.
Construction principle of natural gas compressor
Compressors for natural gas filling stations mainly include motors, crankshaft connecting rod mechanisms, cylinders, and pistons. The number of gas compression stages is three or four, and the number of rows composed of connecting rods, cylinders and pistons is two. There is no balance section cylinder between the cylinders of different stages in the same row and the inverted differential combination structure is adopted. The cylinder packing and piston ring in each row are self-lubricating material rings. Compared with the existing compressor for natural gas filling station, it not only simplifies the structure, but also improves the stability of the compressor operation, reduces the energy consumption, and can obtain the compressed natural gas without oil pollution.
Working principle of scroll compressor
The scroll-type air compressor is formed by the dynamic and static vortices of the functional equation line. In the process of suction, compression and exhaust, the fixed scroll is fixed on the frame, and the moving disc is driven by the eccentric shaft and restricted by the anti-rotation mechanism. It rotates on a plane with a small radius around the center of the base circle of the static disc. The gas is sucked into the periphery of the static disc through the air filter element, and rotates with the eccentric shaft, the gas is gradually compressed in several pairs of crescent-shaped compression chambers formed by the toothing of the moving and static disks and then continuously discharged from the axial holes in the static disk.